{"id":2990,"date":"2013-06-24T00:00:58","date_gmt":"2013-06-24T00:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/islenzka.net\/?p=2990"},"modified":"2013-06-24T00:00:58","modified_gmt":"2013-06-24T00:00:58","slug":"origin-of-the-icelandic-horse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/origin-of-the-icelandic-horse\/","title":{"rendered":"Origin Of The Icelandic Horse"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Icelandic<\/p>\n

The Icelandic horse is one of the most unique breeds in the world – they have been raised for over 1,000 years in isolation on the remote island, and have developed very specific traits. Horses are prohibited from being imported into Iceland, and any that leave can never return. Researchers are taking advantage of improvements in technology to analyze old DNA as part of an attempt to trace the origin of the Icelandic horse, which is generally thought to have come from Norway during the settlement period.<\/p>\n

Rannsakar uppruna \u00edslenska hestsins<\/strong><\/a>
\nResearching origin of the Icelandic horse<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alb\u00edna Hulda P\u00e1lsd\u00f3ttir freistar \u00feess n\u00fa a\u00f0 greina uppruna \u00edslenska hestsins. H\u00fan er d\u00fdrabeinafornleifafr\u00e6\u00f0ingur og vinnur ranns\u00f3knina me\u00f0 J\u00f3ni Hallsteini Hallssyni, doktor \u00ed erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i og Michael Hofreiter, doktori \u00ed l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Albina Hulda Palsdottir is trying to determine the origin of the Icelandic horse. She is a zooarchaeologist and is working on research with Joni Hallsteini Hallssyni, doctor of genetics and Michael Hofreiter, doctor of biology.<\/em><\/p>\n

There aren’t a ton of verbs that take a genitive, so it’s always interesting to run into one, in this case a\u00f0 freista<\/strong>. Here it is part of a clause with \u00fea\u00f0<\/strong>, which takes the form \u00feess<\/strong> as a result. It’s more or less a synonym of a\u00f0 reyna<\/strong>, but most of the words related to it carry the meaning of tempt, temptation<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
a\u00f0 freista – to try, attempt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/th>\npresent<\/th>\npast<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e9g<\/th>\nfreista<\/td>\nfreista\u00f0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fe\u00fa<\/th>\nfreistar<\/td>\nfreista\u00f0ir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fea\u00f0<\/th>\nfreistar<\/td>\nfreista\u00f0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
vi\u00f0<\/th>\nfreistum<\/td>\nfreistu\u00f0um<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fei\u00f0<\/th>\nfreisti\u00f0<\/td>\nfreistu\u00f0u\u00f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00feau<\/th>\nfreista<\/td>\nfreistu\u00f0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n  <\/td>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
a\u00f0 greina – to analyze<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/th>\npresent<\/th>\npast<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e9g<\/th>\ngreini<\/td>\ngreindi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fe\u00fa<\/th>\ngreinir<\/td>\ngreindir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fea\u00f0<\/th>\ngreinir<\/td>\ngreindi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
vi\u00f0<\/th>\ngreinum<\/td>\ngreindum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fei\u00f0<\/th>\ngreini\u00f0<\/td>\ngreindu\u00f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00feau<\/th>\ngreina<\/td>\ngreindu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

So yeah…d\u00fdrabeinafornleifafr\u00e6\u00f0ingur<\/strong>. Like any word that that is obviously a compound, just start breaking it down into parts. I recognized each piece, but it didn’t make sense to me, so yes – I googled “animal bone archaeologist” \ud83d\ude42 As far as I can tell, zooarchaeologist is a good fit.<\/p>\n

\r\nupp\u00b7runi m                  origin, source\r\nfreista v (gen) (-a\u00f0i)      attempt, try\r\nd\u00fdr n                       animal, beast\r\nbein n                      bone\r\nfornleifa\u00b7fr\u00e6\u00f0i f           archaeology\r\nerf\u00f0a\u00b7fr\u00e6\u00f0i f               genetics\r\nl\u00edf\u00b7fr\u00e6\u00f0i f                 biology\r\n<\/pre>\n
H\u00f3purinn hefur hloti\u00f0 styrk \u00far Fornminjasj\u00f3\u00f0i upp \u00e1 \u00e1ttahundru\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fasund kr\u00f3nur. Markmi\u00f0 verkefnisins er a\u00f0 d\u00fdpka skilning \u00e1 uppruna \u00edslenska hestsins. Alb\u00edna segir a\u00f0 t\u00e6kninni til a\u00f0 greina forn-DNA hafi fleygt mj\u00f6g fram og \u00ed dag s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 greina s\u00fdni sem voru \u00f3noth\u00e6f fyrir f\u00e1einum \u00e1rum. Einnig s\u00e9 til b\u00f3ta a\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsingar um erf\u00f0amengi \u00far n\u00fat\u00edma hrossastofninum s\u00e9u mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0ar. Beinin sem notu\u00f0 ver\u00f0a voru flest s\u00f3tt \u00ed kuml \u00e1 Nor\u00f0urlandi, en einnig \u00far uppgreftinum \u00e1 Al\u00feingisreit. Tekin ver\u00f0a s\u00fdni \u00far beinunum og \u00feau send utan til greiningar \u00e1 forn-DNA. Alb\u00edna segist hafa gaman af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hreyfa vi\u00f0 fastm\u00f3tu\u00f0um kenningum um s\u00f6gu\u00fer\u00f3un.<\/strong><\/p>\n
The group has received a grant from the antiquities fund of around 800,000 kronur. A goal of the effort is to deepen the understanding of the origin of the Icelandic horse. Albina says that the technology for studying old DNA has advanced greatly, and today it is possible to analyze specimens which were unusable just a few years ago. It is also of benefit that information on the genome of modern-day horses is so good. The bones to be used were mostly obtained from a burial site in Northern Iceland, but also from the excavation at the Althing site. Samples will be taken from the bones and sent abroad for analysis of the old DNA. Albina says she enjoys contributing to long-standing theories on historical development.<\/em><\/p>\n
The verb a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ta<\/strong> is similar to a\u00f0 f\u00e1<\/strong>, but you see it used when receiving things like prizes, awards, grants.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ta – to get, receive<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/th>\npresent<\/th>\npast<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e9g<\/th>\nhl\u00fdt<\/td>\nhlaut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fe\u00fa<\/th>\nhl\u00fdtur<\/td>\nhlaust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fea\u00f0<\/th>\nhl\u00fdtur<\/td>\nhlaut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
vi\u00f0<\/th>\nhlj\u00f3tum<\/td>\nhlutum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fei\u00f0<\/th>\nhlj\u00f3ti\u00f0<\/td>\nhlutu\u00f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00feau<\/th>\nhlj\u00f3ta<\/td>\nhlutu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n  <\/td>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
a\u00f0 d\u00fdpka – to deepen<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/th>\npresent<\/th>\npast<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00e9g<\/th>\nd\u00fdpka<\/td>\nd\u00fdpka\u00f0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fe\u00fa<\/th>\nd\u00fdpkar<\/td>\nd\u00fdpka\u00f0ir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fea\u00f0<\/th>\nd\u00fdpkar<\/td>\nd\u00fdpka\u00f0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
vi\u00f0<\/th>\nd\u00fdpkum<\/td>\nd\u00fdpku\u00f0um<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00fei\u00f0<\/th>\nd\u00fdpki\u00f0<\/td>\nd\u00fdpku\u00f0u\u00f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00feau<\/th>\nd\u00fdpka<\/td>\nd\u00fdpku\u00f0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
The third sentence has an interesting construction. The phrase a\u00f0 fleygja fram<\/strong> is used in impersonal constructions to mean that something is going well, progressing, moving forward<\/em>. It takes the dative, so what is progressing? The technology – t\u00e6kni<\/strong>. Now t\u00e6kni<\/strong> doesn’t change in any of its declined forms, but since the definite article is used you can see the dative in action in the form t\u00e6kninni<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
The last sentence gave me some trouble, and I’m pretty sure there’s a better translation, but I’m missing it.<\/p>\n
\r\nstyrkur m                   grant, subsidy\r\nforn\u00b7minjar f pl            antiquities, relics\r\nsj\u00f3\u00f0ur m                    fund\r\nmark\u00b7mi\u00f0 n                  goal, objective\r\ns\u00fdni n                      specimen\r\n\u00f3\u00b7noth\u00e6fur adj              unusable, useless\r\nmengi n                     pool, set\r\nuppgr\u00f6ftur m                excavation\r\nfast\u00b7m\u00f3ta\u00f0ur adj            fixed, firm\r\nkuml n                      pagan grave\r\ngreina v (acc) (-di,-t)     analyze\r\nkenning f                   theory\r\n<\/pre>\n
Hef\u00f0bundna kenningin er a\u00f0 s\u00f6gn Alb\u00ednu s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00f6ll \u00edslensk h\u00fasd\u00fdr, ekki bara hesturinn s\u00e9u upprunnin \u00ed Noregi, en s\u00fa kenning er a\u00f0allega bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 ritheimildum. Ranns\u00f3knir sem hafa veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar \u00e1 n\u00fat\u00edma-DNA manna benda \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn til fj\u00f6lbreyttari uppruna, en \u00fea\u00f0 gera l\u00edka sams\u00e6tugreiningar \u00e1 mannabeinum. \u00dev\u00ed bendi \u00fdmislegt til \u00feess a\u00f0 s\u00fa mynd sem ritheimildir draga upp af landn\u00e1minu s\u00e9 einfaldari en raunin hafi veri\u00f0.<\/strong><\/p>\n
The traditional theory according to Albina is that all Icelandic domesticated animals, not just the horse, can be traced back to Norway, but that theory is mainly based on written sources. Research that has been done on modern DNA of humans points on the other hand to a more diverse origin, as does isotope analysis on human bones. These various things seem to indicate that the depiction of the settlement in the written sources is far simpler than the reality has been.<\/em><\/p>\n
I had to pull out the Icelandic-Icelandic dictionary to find sams\u00e6ta<\/strong>; at first I found sams\u00e6ti<\/strong>, which means dinner, banquet <\/em>. So I was a little confused for a while \ud83d\ude42 One clue to look at however is the letter u<\/strong> in sams\u00e6tugreiningar<\/strong>. Since often the genitive singular or plural form is used in a compound, seeing a u<\/strong> would likely mean that the nominative form had an a<\/strong>. In that case sams\u00e6ti<\/strong> wouldn’t fit, and additionally neither of its genitive forms has a u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
\r\nhef\u00f0\u00b7bundinn adj            traditional\r\nh\u00fas\u00b7d\u00fdr n                   domestic animal\r\nheimild f                   sources, documentation\r\nsams\u00e6ta f                   isotope\r\n\u00fdmis\u00b7legur adj              different, various\r\nland\u00b7n\u00e1m n                  settlement\r\n<\/pre>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Icelandic horse is one of the most unique breeds in the world – they have been raised for over…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[11,13],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2990"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2990"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3026,"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2990\/revisions\/3026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islenzka.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}